With an increasing population, development of the country and a changing climate, an increased demand for fresh water, coupled with negatively impacted natural water resources, are observed. One impacted component of the water resource may have an impact on another, due to the interaction between water resource components in the water cycle. All water resource components need to be well-managed and protected to ensure their availability and sustainability. Studies on water quantities, flow dynamics, quality, and contamination are essential in this regard.

For sustainable water resource management it is crucial to assess the water budget. However, estimating a region's spatiotemporal water budget is fraught with difficulties. The heterogeneous nature of every hydrological system poses major obstacles, particularly at the regional scale where monitoring data are scare. This is further complicated by rapidly changing climatic and land use trends.