Understanding Site Hydrology of the Northern Kwa Zulu Natal Anthracite Coal fields

POSTER Investigations have shown that receiving water bodies, which mainly include rivers, streams and the more complicated geohydrological system, are part of the primary end receivers of harmful contaminants from identified coal mining waste bodies. Some of these potential dangers include acid mine drainage (AMD) and sulphur mine drainage (SMD) which have dire effects on the surroundings. The need for a cost effective methodology to assess site hydrology and geohydrology, to understand the associated legal responsibility of contaminated streams and aquifers, is recognised. In the compilation of this paper the unique nature of South African legislation and policies are implemented in the development of a logical approach towards mine closure specifically in the field of groundwater assessments. Furthermore, this paper explores co-disposal of discard and slurry material and the environmental impact of co-disposed wastes is assessed. The unique geological attributes of the KZN coal fields and the geochemical research results found indicates that on its own discard has great potential to produce long term SMD and that slurry has lower SMD potential. Co-disposed results are promising and buffering against long term chemical changes are noted. The final product of this approach constantly considered site hydrogeology, related impacts, risks and liabilities. This gave more clarity on aspects related to the principles followed to identify objectives for sustainable mine closure and to adopted a philosophy of mine closure as a hydrogeological concept. Overview of methods that could be used for mitigation of polluted aquifers and a brief site specific application is discussed with the aim to achieve the key deliverable which focuses on methods to scientifically assess sources, pathways and receivers. Ultimately this process has led to the development of a logical approach towards mine closure for groundwater assessment and remediation in the typical anthracite mine environment.